Araña pollito 秘鲁食鸡蛛终极解析-下篇

Araña pollito秘鲁食鸡蛛终极解析下篇来了~

先介绍下食鸡蛛开始闻名于世的起源由英国捕鸟蛛协会BTS和rick west的采访对话(rick west是最资生的捕鸟蛛研究者,下面文章Chicken Spiders食鸡简称CS,文章可以自己拉到翻译软件翻译内容)
(BTS是国际最有名的捕鸟蛛协会,加入会员需要缴纳年费等要求,有兴趣朋友可以自己去了解。它们每年会有展览和一些讲坛比赛等等)


9.00pm*btswebmaster OK lets start talking - Welcome to The BTS chat room and to Martin Nicholas.
Kukulkania: So, from what genus do we hypothesize these Chicken Spiders come from?
Rick_C._West: Pamphobeteus antinous ... isn't it, Martin?
spiderhunter: the truth is that we simply don't know what this, we do know that is not anitious as the rear leg is too fat.
Rick_C._West: There is an 'antinous' look-alike in Peru that Rogerio Bertani is describing.
spiderhunter: Genus is most likely Pamphobeteus, Xenethis, possibly Acanthascurria.
spiderhunter: Antinious is certainly in the region (Madres Dios) as I found it last time, but the C.S is something else
Kukulkania: Size? Guessing the scale of the pictures, but 8" or so, adult size?
spiderhunter: K, the largest C.S. we pinned down had a legspan of 10.7" and this was not exceptional
Rick_C._West: How long do you go in the field for Martin on this trip?
spiderhunter: Rick, trip is to be around 3 weeks.
Sam: Martin. When exactly are you going on your trip? Are you taking anybody else other than film crew?
spiderhunter: Actually its going to be a Radio Documentary, Sam (a bit odd I know but.)
Rick_C._West: How does that work ... never heard of that?
spiderhunter: It works as an audio diary, with interviews, descriptive stuff etc.
Rick_C._West: So we don't get a chance to SEE you in the field/jungle with the spiders ... just hear an audio from the field? Sorry never heard of this so excuse the questions.
Kukulkania: Wish I could come along on one of these trips as a lackey/understudy, or whatever ... These types of trips are the things my dreams are made of.
spiderhunter: I am also hoping to get the Chicken Spider stridulating on tape (that should to be fun)
spiderhunter: I am told, that I have a face for radio, Rick. So lots of still shots hopefully to get published later.
Sam: Martin. When exactly are you going on your trip? Are you taking anybody else?
spiderhunter: Sam, I leave on Sunday the 24th March (real soon!) and I am taking my partner Julie Chuter with me. (Top Zoologist and all round good egg).
Kukulkania: Wow! These are some impressive spiders, huh?
spiderhunter: They really are impressive, and interestingly are not really urticaceous.
Sam: What sort of season is it in Peru at the moment Martin?
spiderhunter: Its the end of the rainy season at the moment, hopefully very near the end!
Kukulkania: Like the T. blondi, they prefer to construct burrows on inclines near a water source, if I remember correctly?
Kukulkania: CS = Chicken Spider.
Rick_C._West: Martin, have you seen the examples of frogs living commensally in the CS burrows?
spiderhunter: CS=Chicken Spider yes. And I mostly found them well away from the river, up in the Terra Firma Forest and around the villages where they get their reputation.
spiderhunter: Rick, do you know Jolene Czansky?
Kukulkania: And they are opportunistic burrowers, taking over rodent burrows and such?
spiderhunter: Yes opportunist mostly, no evidence of self-built like most South American Thera's
Rick_C._West: No, is this someone from the Tambopata / Manu region? Why do you ask?
spiderhunter: Jolene has been studying the symbiosis between a theraphosid and a frog in the region (it will make fascinating reading when complete)
Sam: Silly question, but how can you tell whether a T has taken over a burrow or made it itself?
spiderhunter: Sam, easy in the far east because of the thick silk, difficult in the new world because they lay down little. Trick is look during day for possible burrows then go back at night when they should be at their burrow mouths.
Rick_C._West: I have read the paper, and received photos from, Cocroft who worked on the commensal relationship between a narrow-mouth frog (toad?) and the CS. Also, he noted that instars stay with the female in the same burrow until very large in size ... watching a predation has not been seen yet.
Sam: Martin, I mean how can you tell whether a T has converted a burrow from a rodent burrow or built it from scratch?
spiderhunter: Sam, sorry yes a purpose built is often a perfect circle, rodent burrows are often scraped and too large for the spider they house
spiderhunter: Rick, I'll E-mail you RE: The microhylid toad relationship it is very involved.
Rick_C._West: thank you.
Rick_C._West: I've witnessed other theraphosid species/microhylid from relationships in other S.Amer. Countries.
Rick_C._West: er ... toad.
Sam: Is T. Blondi found in Peru?
spiderhunter: Sam, no T. blondi does not get that far. (Despite what I said in my previous article)
Schachmeister: Hi Martin. I refrained from asking you a question as it looked like you were already fielding several. In your own time then, what is your objective on the Peru trip?
spiderhunter: For everyone, The objective of this trip is primarily to record a documentary for the BBC and in doing so to find and describe the locally named "Chicken Spider" as either a known species or something new.
Schachmeister: Martin: I read your article some while ago in the BTS Journal and it was fascinating. It will be brilliant if you can find the beast again and I for one wish you good luck.
spiderhunter: Bless your heart Carl.
Sam: Another silly question, but why do the locals call it the chicken spider?
spiderhunter: Sam, the story (true or untrue) is that these huge thera's live around the little settlements that slash and burn farmers make in the jungle, the legend is that these spiders occasionally take the little scrub fowl chickens that they keep.
spiderhunter: I have also heard of the Monkey Spider (I hope not for the same reason!)
bony: well there is a camel spider
Sam: Well, I suppose that if it does get to 10.7" then it could be possible for it to take a chick.
Schachmeister: Martin: I have this absurd vision of giant theraphosids riding chickens bareback through the jungle. Keep a keen eye open my lad!
Sam: Martin, I suppose it is no different to calling African spiders Baboon spiders I guess
Rick_C._West: The locals also call the large tarantulas 'arana mona or monkey spider as it is generally the same color as the Howler monkey.
spiderhunter: The Black not red Howler presumably Rick?
Rick_C._West: When you go on your trips, do you photograph the tarantulas you see? Do you take a camcoder?
spiderhunter: Oh, Rick - I also found a small Avicularia last time (no idea which as it was in a bromeliad 10ft up)
Rick_C._West: In Brazil, some call them 'crab spiders' because the tarantula walks like a crab?! ... Go figure?
spiderhunter: Too much local Chicha i think!
Rick_C._West: In Venezuela ... it's the red Howler, but, I would assume the black in Peru.
Kukulkania: Sometimes I like to think of tarantulas as carnivorous crabs...
Sam: Rick, could those crab spiders be huntmen? They do look a lottle like crabs (well if you squint your eyes a lot they do). The crab spiders that I know of are the ones that hide in flowers for bees.
Rick_C._West: In these countries, Martin will tell you that any big spider to a local IS a tarantula.
Schachmeister: I had the same experience in Ecuador. The locals ran a mile from almost any spider!
Rick_C._West: In Venezuela ... it's the red Howler, but, I would assume the black in Peru.
spiderhunter: No, Red Howler in Peru, you should hear them (eariest sound I ever heard!)
Rick_C._West: Yes, a band of Howlers at 4-5am is like a roaring jaguar in heat!!
spiderhunter: That is certainly true, bird spider chicken spider, monkey spider etc.
Rick_C._West: Martin, do the locals fear the tarantula or pay it no mind?
Sam: I suppose we shouldn't laugh at locals for running from spiders when many grown men over here do the same thing.
bony: their spiders are much bigger than ours.
Schachmeister: Sam: Very true but men over here don't have six inch spider just above their heads whilst sleeping. LOL
spiderhunter: They regard the Chicken Spider with some fear, but do not seem to worry about huntsmen spiders or indeed the pink toe's
Sam: Is the CS aggressive in any way.
spiderhunter: Sam, the CS is not as aggressive as say a Baboon Spider or "Earth Tiger" think of T. blondi without the urticating hairs.
Sam: What colouration does the C. S. have?
spiderhunter: The Chicken Spider is a dark Brown - Black with white bands above the chelicerae and a very thick leg four which makes it different from the other spider of the region Pamphobeteus antinoius
*btswebmaster Ok 15 minutes left to the end of the chat session.
Rick_C._West: bummer.
Kukulkania: yeah!
Schachmeister: Martin: If you do find this spider again, what is the plan? Are you going to (legally of course) bring a specimen back for study or will it be a BBC filming trip only?
spiderhunter: The plan is to bring back a single specimen for identification purposes (all paperwork is in place - in triplicate as usual!)
Rick_C._West: I've never needed to obtain permits for Peru as I've only taken out photos?
bony: Are there photos of this species?
Yuri: I am sorry if this has been asking before but what was the size of the largest specimen you found.
spiderhunter: Yuri, no problem. The largest specimen measured on the last trip had a leg span of 10.7" Photos of this spider are in the downloadable form on the BTS website.
poss: I understand eastern Peru is at the peak of its rainy season right now, wont this slow things down?
spiderhunter: High rains mean high rivers and as we are going to be travelling by boat this is preferable to getting beached on sand-banks due to low water (been there before in Borneo!).
Schachmeister: Rain giveth life. New life means insects. Insects means spiders...get in there Martin.
poss: I was born and raised there, left at 18,back often.
Sam: I knew somebody once who was from Peru. Their favourite animal was the scorpion. What sort of other bugs out in Peru did you see Martin?
spiderhunter: Sam, there are so many its hard to list most amazing was the colonial caterpillars -bright Red and yellow - very poisonous!
Rick_C._West: yikes ... the 'real wildlife' sounds
spiderhunter: Only for spiders, Rick! By the way what part of Peru did you get to?
Rick_C._West: Martin, I mainly cover the Iquitos, Rio Tigre, Rio Ucayali region.
Rick_C._West: I may get to Tambopata later this year on a project.
*btswebmaster: 10.00 pm The end of the chat session.


简单的来说rick在文章里介绍了食鸡的发现之旅和一些相关信息。
让我感兴趣的内容是The largest specimen measured on the last trip had a leg span of 10.7" 最大的个体是10.7英寸(10.7英寸=27.178厘米)这是非常夸张的概念,我目前最大的只有25cm成体ts公,我认为25-26cm是捕鸟蛛的极限。安提诺乌斯巨人黑(波刚)我手头最大的极限个体是24cm的成体公。所以这里我是对rick的很感兴趣和质疑,哈哈
spiderhunter: Jolene has been studying the symbiosis between a theraphosid and a frog in the region (it will make fascinating reading when complete)
这里提到与蛙的共生关系,这是非常有趣的一个内容。我认为也是可以证明它们有社会性的另外一个辅助证明,下文我会具体讲解。
当然rick在文章也提到了吃鸡内容,看来当时这个传闻是从rick这边出去的。但我咨询当地人表示没有这个说法,也算小小的传说。


各种的传说,图片和资料不停的加深了我对这个神秘品种的向往。所以我花了更多的时间,精力和金钱去收集这个品种。(当中走过的弯路和心酸就不提了)
所以真正的正确的信息花了很多年去考察去饲养去核实才得出这些内容。(有些真相是令人更为振奋,有些也有小小的失望)


1.食鸡蛛的尺寸之谜
上文已经提到rick说这食鸡足展有10.7英寸即27.178厘米。所以食鸡一直享有最大的安提诺乌斯巨人黑(波刚)之名。但既然我都繁殖出来了我觉得这个传说不攻自破也不会太久。(当然也可能一直破不了,依然很多人相信23cm的苏黑和33cm的ta。我不否认极限,但我更愿意相信真的证据,无图无真相太多)
大家先感受下25cm的概念(品种为ts成体公)



我目前最大的安提诺乌斯巨人黑(波刚)伊基托斯(Iquitos)产地(母23cm,公24cm)



食鸡目前母最大20cm,公21cm。而且不少公只有17-20cm。虽然我没有极限的数据但过手10只大个体整体平均数据是远低于伊基托斯(Iquitos)产地。
再来看幼体

和左边普通安提诺乌斯巨人黑(波刚)2l幼体对比,可以看到普通安提诺乌斯巨人黑(波刚)2l等于食鸡4l大小
虽然说幼体大小不能证明问题,但目前无论最大个体,还是幼体大小。都是略小于伊基托斯(Iquitos)产地。只能说平均大小不会有太大的差距。可能就在1-2cm之间基本可以忽略。加上食鸡毛发更粗犷等特征,从外观上看没有什么差距。


2.食鸡蛛与蛙的共生之谜
前面文章也提到捕鸟蛛和蛙类的共生关系,也相信大家看到过类似文章说蛙和蜘蛛住一起互相捕猎。
最早说的是Xenesthis immanis哥伦比亚镭射,但我从没看到过野外图片是哥伦比亚镭射和蛙在一起。有的朋友可以帮忙补充。
但食鸡和蛙还真的有关系,有图有真相~


图片可以看到多只蛙和多只食鸡在一起。
一张图片不够证明还有更多图片




最后一图可以看到即使它们一起在猎杀别的品种蛙,这种可以与它们共生的蛙不会收到伤害,还能淡定的围观。
所以并不是说食鸡蛛不会去吃蛙,而是只有这种Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata的蛙它们不会去攻击吃它。别的蛙全部会被攻击。(雨林里蛙是捕鸟蛛的主要饲料之一)
那么Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata这种蛙是不是可以和捕鸟蛛都和睦相处呢。答案是否定的


这种ac属捕鸟蛛和食鸡蛛的产地是一模一样的,它们就生活在食鸡蛛的地方。但它们就会攻击这种蛙。所以说Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata这种蛙只能和食鸡相处在一起。我猜测这种蛙会有一种信号让食鸡觉得它也是一只食鸡蛛,大大小小食鸡和这种蛙用的同一种信号来把彼此当做同类。
这种蛙会被食鸡保护,并且也可以帮食鸡吃掉些蝇类等对蜘蛛有害的虫子。确实是一种双赢。


自然真的是非常奇妙的,不知不觉又写了一大堆,食鸡这个品种让我着迷的点太多。现在就期待一堆大黑蜘蛛一起茁壮成长。




ps:要不要再深入介绍来一篇产地环境,气候饲养篇?哈哈。如果大家多多支持的话,会尽快推出喔

楼主 peo_wsh  发布于 2020-06-16 18:19:00 +0800 CST  




楼主 peo_wsh  发布于 2020-06-16 18:22:00 +0800 CST  

楼主:peo_wsh

字数:12268

发表时间:2020-06-17 02:19:00 +0800 CST

更新时间:2021-01-09 15:59:35 +0800 CST

评论数:29条评论

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