翻一片英超近十年来现金流来源和支出情况的长文

深夜无聊边看边把正片文章给翻了,原文来自于推主Swiss Ramble。由于本人在经济学方面的知识浅薄,部分翻译需要机翻,如有错误之处欢迎纠正。话不多说,开更!

楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:05:00 +0800 CST  
“Revenue is vanity, profit is sanity, but cash is king.” I thought it might be interesting to look at where Premier League clubs source their money and what they spend it on by reviewing the clubs’ cash flow statements over the last decade. Some thoughts in the following thread.

“收入是虚荣,利润是理智,而现金才是王道。”我想,通过回顾英超俱乐部过去10年的现金流量表,看看它们的资金来源和支出情况,可能会很有意思。”以下是我的一些想法。

楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:08:00 +0800 CST  
In the 10 years between 2008 and 2017 Premier League clubs had over £8 bln of available cash with more than half (£4.3 bln) generated from their own operating activities and a further £3.4 bln from their owners (loans £1.8 bln and shares £1.6 bln) plus £0.3 bln external loans.

在2008年和2017年这10年之间,英超俱乐部拥有超过80亿英镑左右的可用现金,超过一半(43亿)从自己的经营活动中产生,而另外34亿来自俱乐部拥有者(其中的18亿贷款和16亿股票收入),加上3亿的其他贷款。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:10:00 +0800 CST  
54% of cash came from operations (revenue less expenses +/- movements in working capital) with another 42% from owner financing and 3% from external loans. There was no need for any of the PL clubs to generate cash via (net) player sales or indeed dip into existing cash balances.

54%的现金来自经营(收入-支出+/-营运资本流动),另外42%现金来自所有者融资,3%来自外部贷款。任何一家英超俱乐部都不需要通过球员(净)出售来产生现金,也不需要动用现有的现金余额。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:11:00 +0800 CST  
Unsurprisingly, the Big Six clubs have enjoyed by far the most cash:#MUFC £1.6 bln, #MCFC £1.4 bln,#THFC £837m, #AFC £754m,#LFC £645m and #CFC £607m. However, these clubs have very different business models, e.g. #MUFC £1.3 bln from operations, #MCFC £1.3 bln from owners.

意料之中的是,英超六强直到目前享受着最多的现金:曼联16亿英镑,曼城14亿,热刺8.37亿,阿森纳7.54亿,利物浦6.45亿,切尔西6.07亿。然而,这些俱乐部有着非常不同的商业模式,例如曼联其中的13亿来自经营活动,而曼城的其中13亿来自俱乐部所有者。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:12:00 +0800 CST  
So three of the Big Six clubs have been largely financed by cash generated from operations:#AFC 100%, #THFC 81% and #MUFC 80%. In contrast, others have been much more reliant on owner financing: #MCFC 90% and#CFC 86%. #LFC is more balanced: operations 53%, owners 40%.

六强中有三家很大程度上是由经营运作产生的现金。阿森纳 100%, 热刺 81%和曼联 80%。相反,其他俱乐部则更加依赖所有者的融资:曼城 90%和切尔西 86%。利物浦则更加平衡:经营占53%,所有者占40%。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:14:00 +0800 CST  
To illustrate #MUFC amazing ability to generate cash, their £1.3 bln over the last decade is almost twice as much as the next highest #AFC £754m, followed by #THFC £675m, then another big gap to #LFC £341m. The majority of Premier League clubs produced between £60m and £150m.

为了说明曼联出色的产生现金流的能力,可以看看他们过去十年通过经营运作获得的13亿现金流,几乎是排在第二位7.54亿的阿森纳的两倍,接下来是热刺的6.75亿,然后利物浦的3.41亿又与前面有很大差距。大多数英超俱乐部通过经营获得的现金流在6千万到1.5亿之间。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:15:00 +0800 CST  
In contrast, #MCFC have benefited from £1.3 bln of owner financing, much more than the next highest #CFC £0.5 bln. Worth noting how important this has been to some smaller clubs, e.g. #LCFC £257m (71% of total cash), #SAFC £189m (66%), Stoke £106m (50%) & Bournemouth £73m (93%).

相比之下,曼城获得了13亿的所有者融资,远高于下一名5亿的切尔西。值得注意的是所有者融资对于一些较小的俱乐部是何等重要。例如莱斯特城有2.57亿(占总现金的71%),桑德兰有1.89亿(占总现金的66%),斯托克城1.06亿(占总现金的50%)和伯恩茅斯7300万(占总现金的93%)


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:17:00 +0800 CST  
Almost half of the £8.1 bln Premier League cash 2008-17 has been spent on purchasing players £3.8 bln – and that’s net of sales. A further £1.6 bln has gone on capital expenditure, largely stadium and training ground, while £1.7 bln has been used for loan and interest payments.

在支出方面,从08年到17年这十年中,81亿的现金中几乎一半都花在购买球员中,达到了38亿,这是净支出。另外16亿用于资本支出,主要是球场和训练场建设,而17亿被用于还贷和付利息。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:21:00 +0800 CST  
In addition, an incredible £785m has simply been used to increase cash balances. Smaller sums have been spent on dividends £92m, tax £87m and acquisitions & investments £51m, though these amount to less than 3% of total expenditure.

此外,令人惊讶的是,有7.85亿仅仅是被用来增加现金余额。还有较小的一部分资金花在了股息(9200万),税收(8700万),收购和投资(5100万),虽然这些占总支出的不到3%。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:22:00 +0800 CST  
The amount spent by each club is equivalent to the amount of available cash (including increase in cash balance), so the Big 6 clubs again lead the way in expenditure. Shows the importance of finances in football, as a club like #MUFC has had 8 times the firepower of, say, #EFC.

每个俱乐部的花费与可用现金的数量(包括现金余额的增加)相等,所以六强在支出方面再次领先。这表明了财政在足球中的重要性,像曼联这样的俱乐部拥有埃弗顿八倍的火力。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:24:00 +0800 CST  
The largest element of expenditure for most Premier League clubs has been investment in the playing squad, though there are some notable exceptions, e.g.#MUFC and #AFC have spent more on loan and interest payments, while #THFC have invested more in infrastructure.

对大多数英超俱乐部来说,最大的支出部分是对球队阵容的投资,不过也有一些明显的例外,比如曼联和阿森纳在还贷和付利息方面的支出更多,而热刺在基础设施方面的投资更多。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:25:00 +0800 CST  
#MCFC have spent by far the most (net) on players with £906m, followed by #MUFC £528m,#CFC £393m, #LFC £351m and#AFC £236m. #THFC have only spent £98m on their squad, while Stoke will be disappointed with the return on their £190m investment (6th highest).

曼城迄今为止在球员净支出上最多,有9.06亿,紧随其后的是曼联5.28亿,,切尔西3.93亿,,利物浦3.51亿和阿森纳2.36亿。而热刺在阵容上净支出只有9800万。斯托克城肯定对于他们1.9亿(第六高)的投资回报失望。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:26:00 +0800 CST  
On the other hand, #THFC have invested nearly £0.5 bln in their new stadium and training ground, much more than #MCFC £333m,#LFC £209m, #AFC £104m,#CFC £103m and #MUFC£98m. Other Premier League clubs have spent relatively little on infrastructure.

另一方面,热刺投资了将近5亿在新球场和训练场地上,远远超过曼城的3.33亿,利物浦的2.09亿,阿森纳的1.04亿,切尔西的1.03亿和曼联的9800.万。其他英超俱乐部在基础设施方面的投入相对较少。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:27:00 +0800 CST  
Perhaps fortunately for the rest of the league, #MUFC have paid a hefty price for the Glazers’ ownership with £0.8 bln of loan and interest payments over the decade. That’s over £500m more than #AFC, though the Gunners have had to shell out £278m for the Emirates mortgage.

也许对于联赛的其他球队来说幸运的是,曼联为格雷泽家族的所有权付出了高昂的代价,十年间有8亿用于的还贷款和付利息。这比阿森纳多出了足足5个亿,尽管阿森纳也不得不掏出2.78亿用于偿还酋长球场的抵押贷款。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:28:00 +0800 CST  
In addition, #MUFC paid £53m dividends (plus an additional £22m in 2018), while #WBA paid £27m to their parent company in 2016. The only other Premier League clubs to pay dividends in this period were #THFC £7m and Swansea City £4m.

此外,曼联为股息支付了5300万(2018年他们又要支付额外的2200万)。而西布朗在2016年为他们的母公司支付了2700万。其他英超俱乐部在这一期间内需要支付股息的只有热刺700万和斯旺西的400万。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:29:00 +0800 CST  
Very few Premier League clubs paid tax, but the Inland Revenue should be happiest with North London, as the largest payments were from#AFC £30m and #THFC £24, followed by#MUFC £14m and #WBA £11m.

很少英超俱乐部需要纳税,但北伦敦的税务局应该是最开心的。因为阿森纳花了最多的3000万在纳税上,热刺也花了2400万。紧随其后的是曼联1400万和西布朗1100万。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:30:00 +0800 CST  
A combination of huge TV deals and wage controls have meant that most Premier League clubs have significantly increased their bank balance over last 10 years, especially#MUFC £131m & #AFC £106m. #THFC £172m is misleading, as it is mainly due to loan advances for the new stadium.

巨额的转播合同和严格的薪水控制制度意味着在过去10年间,英超俱乐部的银行存款余额显著地增加了。特别是曼联的1.31亿 和阿森纳的1.06亿。热刺1.72 亿的银行余额增长是具有误导性的,因为它主要是由于新球场预付款的贷款。


楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:31:00 +0800 CST  
There are some caveats to this analysis: (a) not all clubs produced cash flow statements over the period; (b) some clubs spent some of the period covered in the Championship; (c) the cash flow format is different for some clubs, requiring some interpretation.

这项分析有一些需要注意的事项:
(a)并非所有俱乐部都在这段期间内编制了现金流量表;
(b)一些俱乐部有部分时间是在英冠的;
(c)现金流量表的格式不同俱乐部是不同的,需要一些额外解释。

楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:32:00 +0800 CST  
Nevertheless, the main conclusion is clear, namely the Premier League is the place to be to generate cash. This helps explain the attraction to so many overseas investors. It’s a very different story lower down the English pyramid.

尽管如此,主要结论是明确的,即英超联赛是一个能产生现金流的地方。这有助于解释它为什么对如此多的海外投资者具有巨大吸引力。这是在英国金字塔在一个非常与众不同的故事。

楼主 杰克屈  发布于 2019-01-04 02:32:00 +0800 CST  

楼主:杰克屈

字数:6634

发表时间:2019-01-04 10:05:00 +0800 CST

更新时间:2020-12-19 15:48:45 +0800 CST

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