The common paternal haplogroup N-M231
The results of the Y chromosome studies indicate a recent common paternal origin of Sino-Uralic nations.
About 58.8% of Finnish (2008L), 30.6% of Estonian (2007R), 37.1% of Karelian (2007R), 56.3% of Vepsian (2007R), 47.2% of Lappish (2004T), 19.3% of Mordvin (2007R), 41.4% of Mari (2004T), 78.0% of Komi (2007R), 85.0% of Udmurt (2007R), 78.0% of Khanty (2007R), 76.0% of Mansi (2008P), 97.3% of Nenets (2002K), 92.1% of Nganasan (2002K) and 6.9% of Selkup (2002K) males belong to the haplogroup N-M231. This group of paternal lineage is believed to be the foundation of the Proto-Uralic nation according to Zerial et al. 1997
, Karefet et al. 2002, Gao 2005 and Gao 2008.
A detailed study on the haplogroup N has concluded a Far East origin for it (Rootsi et al. 2007).
Distribution of the haplogroup N-LLY22g in Eurasia (from Rootsi et al. 2007)
Note: The data of Chinese Y chromosomes used for this study were very limited.
About 10% of Han Chinese males belong to the haplogroup N-M231 according to Hammer et al. 2006and Zhang et al. 2007. There is not yet any detailed study on the haplogroup N within China. The closest scaling is K*-M9 (xM119, M95, M122, M45).
Distribution of the haplogroup K*-M9 (xM119, M95, M122, M45) in China (from Xue et al. 2008)
Gao (2008: 106) has deduced that the distributions of K* in northeast China belong to O-SRY465, while the distributions of K* in central China and western China belong to N-M231. Gao has argued that the distributions of N-M231 are well correlated with the distributions of the Yangshao culture, which is the cradle of the Chinese civilisation. Therefore, the foundation of the Proto-Chinese nation ought to belong to N-M231.
Detailed studies on the haplogroup N-M231 within China or the Han Chinese nation are expected.
Notes:
2002K = Karefet et al. 2002.
2004T = Tambets et al. 2004.
2007R = Rootsi et al. 2007.
2008L = Lappalainen et al. 2008.
2008P = Pimenoff et al. 2008.
Online Introduction: Sino-Uralic Affinity of Genetics:
The common paternal haplogroup N-M231: Confirmation in 2013
(This part is compiled by CCSUSG.)
A recent study (Shi et al. 2013) has been the first detailed study on the haplogroup N within China. It has confirmed the Far East origin, or more exactly the China origin, of the haplogroup N-M231.
Distribution of the haplogroup N-M231 in Eurasia (from Shi et al. 2013)
Proposed prehistoric migration routes of the haplogroup N-M231 in Eurasia (from Shi et al. 2013)
About 58.8% of Finnish (2008L), 30.6% of Estonian (2007R), 37.1% of Karelian (2007R), 56.3% of Vepsian (2007R), 47.2% of Lappish (2004T), 19.3% of Mordvin (2007R), 41.4% of Mari (2004T), 78.0% of Komi (2007R), 85.0% of Udmurt (2007R), 78.0% of Khanty (2007R), 76.0% of Mansi (2008P), 97.3% of Nenets (2002K), 92.1% of Nganasan (2002K) and 6.9% of Selkup (2002K) males belong to the haplogroup N-M231. This group of paternal lineage is believed to be the foundation of the Proto-Uralic nation according to Zerial et al. 1997
, Karefet et al. 2002, Gao 2005 and Gao 2008.A detailed study on the haplogroup N has concluded a Far East origin for it (Rootsi et al. 2007
).Distribution of the haplogroup N-LLY22g in Eurasia (from Rootsi et al. 2007)
Note: The data of Chinese Y chromosomes used for this study were very limited.
About 10% of Han Chinese males belong to the haplogroup N-M231 according to Hammer et al. 2006
and Zhang et al. 2007. There is not yet any detailed study on the haplogroup N within China. The closest scaling is K*-M9 (xM119, M95, M122, M45).Distribution of the haplogroup K*-M9 (xM119, M95, M122, M45) in China (from Xue et al. 2008)
Gao (2008: 106) has deduced that the distributions of K* in northeast China belong to O-SRY465, while the distributions of K* in central China and western China belong to N-M231. Gao has argued that the distributions of N-M231 are well correlated with the distributions of the Yangshao culture, which is the cradle of the Chinese civilisation. Therefore, the foundation of the Proto-Chinese nation ought to belong to N-M231.
Detailed studies on the haplogroup N-M231 within China or the Han Chinese nation are expected.
Notes:
2002K = Karefet et al. 2002
.2004T = Tambets et al. 2004
.2007R = Rootsi et al. 2007
.2008L = Lappalainen et al. 2008
.2008P = Pimenoff et al. 2008
.Online Introduction: Sino-Uralic Affinity of Genetics:
The common paternal haplogroup N-M231: Confirmation in 2013
(This part is compiled by CCSUSG.)
A recent study (Shi et al. 2013
) has been the first detailed study on the haplogroup N within China. It has confirmed the Far East origin, or more exactly the China origin, of the haplogroup N-M231.Distribution of the haplogroup N-M231 in Eurasia (from Shi et al. 2013)
Proposed prehistoric migration routes of the haplogroup N-M231 in Eurasia (from Shi et al. 2013)