【讨论与探究】沙利文兄弟悲剧
众所周知，朱诺号是被伊-26雷击命中而爆炸沉没的
海伦娜报告
斯特雷特报告
这是一次潜艇攻击，大家可以把它跟U-47击沉皇家橡树，或者巴勒姆被U-331击沉相比较。
然而，之后发生的事才是要关注的重点。
众所周知，救援行动出现了严重拖延，这到底是为什么呢？
作战的报告和老兵的回忆都描述了如下事件：有友军飞机（B-17）飞越上方，而舰队也与之联系。
海伦娜
斯特雷特
斯特雷特的炮术长C·雷蒙德·卡尔霍恩上尉：http://www.zhanliejian.com/thread-112-1-6.html
我返回射击指挥仪的时候我们的了望在右舷水天线上看到了两次爆炸,我们推断那是日本潜艇射向“朱诺”号的鱼雷中的两条行驶到航程尽头后自毁。显然这艘潜艇正好在合适的时间处在合适的位置上(或者说对我们而言倒霉的位置)。我们使弹药舱保持注水状态，编队现在也开始走“Z”字航线。一架B-17出现在头顶上为我们提供警戒。
弗莱彻的副舰长约瑟夫·C·威利：http://ussfletcher.org/stories/juneau.html
So we steamed on. Later,I think in about an hour, there appeared overhead an aircraft from the Southwest Pacific Command (under General MacArthur). Helena gave him, by flashing light, a long message which reported the fact and position of the loss of Juneau. As the aircraft circled, sometimes we could see Helena's flashing light and sometimes see the light acknowledging each word from the aircraft. It took some time but eventually the plane acknowledged receipt of the message.It contained, I later learned, instructions to relay the message on to ComSoPac. I also later learned that it never got there.
Bear in mind that the known good ability of the Japanese to get radio direction finder fixes on other than line-of-sight radio transmissions, and to act on these promptly, was the reason that Captain Hoover had sent O'Bannon north of San Cristobal Island to transmit his preliminary action report of the night before. With known submarines somewhere along his path, he was properly reluctant to give the Nips a fix on his position by using his radio.
Your letter mentions that this plane was aB-17(of the US Army Air Force). I am not sure there were any B-17s in the Southwest Pacific Command at that time. My dim memory calls up a Liberator (B24?) as more likely but you have better sources than I to determine this. It is not important. What is important is where did the message get lost? I've never heard any answer to that.
朱诺号沉没位置：
海伦娜报告：南纬10度34分06秒、东经161度04分00秒
斯特雷特报告：南纬10度34分、东经161度04分
弗莱彻战争日志：南纬10度33分、东经161度03分
从朱诺号沉没的位置（约东经161度）来看，该区是属于南太区（分界线东经159以东）
海伦娜报告
斯特雷特报告
这是一次潜艇攻击，大家可以把它跟U-47击沉皇家橡树，或者巴勒姆被U-331击沉相比较。
然而，之后发生的事才是要关注的重点。
众所周知，救援行动出现了严重拖延，这到底是为什么呢？
作战的报告和老兵的回忆都描述了如下事件：有友军飞机（B-17）飞越上方，而舰队也与之联系。
海伦娜
斯特雷特
斯特雷特的炮术长C·雷蒙德·卡尔霍恩上尉：http://www.zhanliejian.com/thread-112-1-6.html
我返回射击指挥仪的时候我们的了望在右舷水天线上看到了两次爆炸,我们推断那是日本潜艇射向“朱诺”号的鱼雷中的两条行驶到航程尽头后自毁。显然这艘潜艇正好在合适的时间处在合适的位置上(或者说对我们而言倒霉的位置)。我们使弹药舱保持注水状态，编队现在也开始走“Z”字航线。一架B-17出现在头顶上为我们提供警戒。
弗莱彻的副舰长约瑟夫·C·威利：http://ussfletcher.org/stories/juneau.html
So we steamed on. Later,I think in about an hour, there appeared overhead an aircraft from the Southwest Pacific Command (under General MacArthur). Helena gave him, by flashing light, a long message which reported the fact and position of the loss of Juneau. As the aircraft circled, sometimes we could see Helena's flashing light and sometimes see the light acknowledging each word from the aircraft. It took some time but eventually the plane acknowledged receipt of the message.It contained, I later learned, instructions to relay the message on to ComSoPac. I also later learned that it never got there.
Bear in mind that the known good ability of the Japanese to get radio direction finder fixes on other than line-of-sight radio transmissions, and to act on these promptly, was the reason that Captain Hoover had sent O'Bannon north of San Cristobal Island to transmit his preliminary action report of the night before. With known submarines somewhere along his path, he was properly reluctant to give the Nips a fix on his position by using his radio.
Your letter mentions that this plane was aB-17(of the US Army Air Force). I am not sure there were any B-17s in the Southwest Pacific Command at that time. My dim memory calls up a Liberator (B24?) as more likely but you have better sources than I to determine this. It is not important. What is important is where did the message get lost? I've never heard any answer to that.
朱诺号沉没位置：
海伦娜报告：南纬10度34分06秒、东经161度04分00秒
斯特雷特报告：南纬10度34分、东经161度04分
弗莱彻战争日志：南纬10度33分、东经161度03分
从朱诺号沉没的位置（约东经161度）来看，该区是属于南太区（分界线东经159以东）
第一则关于第一次瓜岛海战的电文是由波特兰发送至南太司并抄送给67特司、67.4特大司、太舰总和舰总司的，号码是122322。该电文说明了波特兰自身的情况和周围的情况，包括亚特兰大和库欣。
第二则则是“仙人掌”发送至南太司并抄送至南太空司、67特司、努美阿等的电文130428，大意是仙人掌航空队在瓜岛附近所看到的情况。
第三则是旧金山号发送至太舰总、南太司、17特司并转发至南太空司和海伦娜号的电文141058，其中说到了自身的损伤情况。
第四则是有海伦娜号发送至南太司并抄送至太舰总、67特司和南太空司的点位141406，其中提到了朱诺号遭击沉的具体信息，提到了在当时B-17的巡逻和将其转发至南太空司的信息。
先在这打住，在数页后，提及朱诺号的电文是海伦娜号发送至67特司并抄送自舰总司、太舰总、南太司等的电文140001。
第二则则是“仙人掌”发送至南太司并抄送至南太空司、67特司、努美阿等的电文130428，大意是仙人掌航空队在瓜岛附近所看到的情况。
第三则是旧金山号发送至太舰总、南太司、17特司并转发至南太空司和海伦娜号的电文141058，其中说到了自身的损伤情况。
第四则是有海伦娜号发送至南太司并抄送至太舰总、67特司和南太空司的点位141406，其中提到了朱诺号遭击沉的具体信息，提到了在当时B-17的巡逻和将其转发至南太空司的信息。
先在这打住，在数页后，提及朱诺号的电文是海伦娜号发送至67特司并抄送自舰总司、太舰总、南太司等的电文140001。
南太司1942年11月战争日志（1943年2月9日，A12-1/FF20）
13日：
从此电文可以看出，西南太区用的多为B-24，而南太区用的是B-17（后文会提到南太空司的战争日志）
14日
与122005相比发现缺少的正是朱诺号。
15日
13日：
从此电文可以看出，西南太区用的多为B-24，而南太区用的是B-17（后文会提到南太空司的战争日志）
14日
与122005相比发现缺少的正是朱诺号。
15日
南太空司11月13日战争日志
划红线的一条值得留意，因为这架B-17发现了一艘潜艇，根据朱诺号遇袭的位置（南纬10度34分06秒、东经161度04分00秒），如果没有任何错误，这艘潜艇应该就是伊-26。
南纬10度05分，东经160度35分
南纬10度34分06秒、东经161度04分00秒
划红线的一条值得留意，因为这架B-17发现了一艘潜艇，根据朱诺号遇袭的位置（南纬10度34分06秒、东经161度04分00秒），如果没有任何错误，这艘潜艇应该就是伊-26。
南纬10度05分，东经160度35分
南纬10度34分06秒、东经161度04分00秒
南太空司11月14日战争日志
从南太空司14日的战争日志来看，南太空司是在海伦娜等舰到达纽扣（圣埃斯皮里图）的时候才得知朱诺号遭击沉的消息的。这时已经是14日下午。
从南太空司14日的战争日志来看，南太空司是在海伦娜等舰到达纽扣（圣埃斯皮里图）的时候才得知朱诺号遭击沉的消息的。这时已经是14日下午。
而附录A的在11月13日的详细报告（节选）则是如下描述，然而并没有任何有关朱诺号被击沉的消息。
这到底是为什么呢？如果说13日那架B-17就收到信息的话，那么13日就应该有相关描述才对。
维基百科写了这么些话以作为解释：
Captain Gilbert C. Hoover, commanding officer of the USS Helena and senior officer present in the battle-damaged US task force, was skeptical that anyone had survived the sinking of the Juneau and believed it would be reckless to look for survivors, thereby exposing his wounded ships to a still-lurking Japanese submarine. Therefore, he ordered his ships to continue on towards Espiritu Santo. Helena signaled a nearby US B-17 bomber on patrol to notify Allied headquarters to send aircraft or ships to search for survivors.
But in fact, approximately 100 of Juneau's crew had survived the torpedo attack and the sinking of their ship and were left in the water.The B-17 bomber crew, under orders not to break radio silence, did not pass the message about searching for survivors to their headquarters until they had landed several hours later. The crew's report of the location of possible survivors was mixed in with other pending paperwork actions and went unnoticed for several days. It was not until days later that headquarters staff realized that a search had never been mounted and belatedly ordered aircraft to begin searching the area.In the meantime, Juneau's survivors, many of whom were seriously wounded, were exposed to the elements, hunger, thirst, and repeated shark attacks.
Eight days after the sinking, ten survivors were found by a PBY Catalina search aircraft and retrieved from the water. The survivors reported that Frank, Joe and Matt died instantly, Al drowned the next day, and George survived for four or five days, before suffering from delirium as a result of hypernatremia (though some sources describe him being "driven insane with grief" at the loss of his brothers), he went over the side of the raft he occupied. He was never seen or heard from again.
营救行动最关键的就是迅速，哪怕是在14日下午得知朱诺号沉没，尚可以作出搜救行动（当然可以用日常的搜索来代替），马上行动还不算太迟；到了19日真的发现那些人的时候，大概100个人也就剩下十个人了。
与之相比，印第安纳波利斯号的沉没所反映出来的问题更为严重——虽然幸存者等待救援的时间要短一些而生还率也相对高一些：http://bbs.ngacn.cc/read.php?tid=9654139
这到底是为什么呢？如果说13日那架B-17就收到信息的话，那么13日就应该有相关描述才对。
维基百科写了这么些话以作为解释：
Captain Gilbert C. Hoover, commanding officer of the USS Helena and senior officer present in the battle-damaged US task force, was skeptical that anyone had survived the sinking of the Juneau and believed it would be reckless to look for survivors, thereby exposing his wounded ships to a still-lurking Japanese submarine. Therefore, he ordered his ships to continue on towards Espiritu Santo. Helena signaled a nearby US B-17 bomber on patrol to notify Allied headquarters to send aircraft or ships to search for survivors.
But in fact, approximately 100 of Juneau's crew had survived the torpedo attack and the sinking of their ship and were left in the water.The B-17 bomber crew, under orders not to break radio silence, did not pass the message about searching for survivors to their headquarters until they had landed several hours later. The crew's report of the location of possible survivors was mixed in with other pending paperwork actions and went unnoticed for several days. It was not until days later that headquarters staff realized that a search had never been mounted and belatedly ordered aircraft to begin searching the area.In the meantime, Juneau's survivors, many of whom were seriously wounded, were exposed to the elements, hunger, thirst, and repeated shark attacks.
Eight days after the sinking, ten survivors were found by a PBY Catalina search aircraft and retrieved from the water. The survivors reported that Frank, Joe and Matt died instantly, Al drowned the next day, and George survived for four or five days, before suffering from delirium as a result of hypernatremia (though some sources describe him being "driven insane with grief" at the loss of his brothers), he went over the side of the raft he occupied. He was never seen or heard from again.
营救行动最关键的就是迅速，哪怕是在14日下午得知朱诺号沉没，尚可以作出搜救行动（当然可以用日常的搜索来代替），马上行动还不算太迟；到了19日真的发现那些人的时候，大概100个人也就剩下十个人了。
与之相比，印第安纳波利斯号的沉没所反映出来的问题更为严重——虽然幸存者等待救援的时间要短一些而生还率也相对高一些：http://bbs.ngacn.cc/read.php?tid=9654139
论坛似乎不能上传超过1M的大图，所以只能继续在这水贴了
我的疑问：
1、海伦娜号明明已经把信息发给了一架巡逻的B-17，为什么它并未能传达给南太空司？即使是无线电静默，也可以在返回时上交相关文件，但维基百科的解释却有点牵强——“生还者可能的位置混在了其他文件中达数天”
2、即使在13日没有收到这条信息，但是在14号海伦娜号等舰返回圣埃斯皮里图并通报朱诺号的相关情况时（包括朱诺号沉没的时间和地点），南太空司似乎对此没有多大反应，只是继续执行日常的搜索等任务。为什么呢？
3、南太空司执行的日常搜索任务理论上可以搜索到海难相关海域，为什么最终发现幸存者的是一架19日执行特殊搜索任务的PBY？可否归因于B-17高空搜索无法清楚看到海上情况？可是在13日的时候看到一艘潜艇（很可能就是伊-26）啊。
注1：发现幸存者（应该是朱诺号幸存者了）位置是南纬11度10分，东经116度55分；朱诺号沉没位置是南纬10度34分06秒、东经161度04分00秒
注2：回顾的时候发现我忘记下载USS Ballard的战争日记和战斗报告了。。。。。。
https://www.fold3.com/browse/251/hsEUS91ace3dO_-SjiJfQZOgtd7m0vA5n
我的疑问：
1、海伦娜号明明已经把信息发给了一架巡逻的B-17，为什么它并未能传达给南太空司？即使是无线电静默，也可以在返回时上交相关文件，但维基百科的解释却有点牵强——“生还者可能的位置混在了其他文件中达数天”
2、即使在13日没有收到这条信息，但是在14号海伦娜号等舰返回圣埃斯皮里图并通报朱诺号的相关情况时（包括朱诺号沉没的时间和地点），南太空司似乎对此没有多大反应，只是继续执行日常的搜索等任务。为什么呢？
3、南太空司执行的日常搜索任务理论上可以搜索到海难相关海域，为什么最终发现幸存者的是一架19日执行特殊搜索任务的PBY？可否归因于B-17高空搜索无法清楚看到海上情况？可是在13日的时候看到一艘潜艇（很可能就是伊-26）啊。
注1：发现幸存者（应该是朱诺号幸存者了）位置是南纬11度10分，东经116度55分；朱诺号沉没位置是南纬10度34分06秒、东经161度04分00秒
注2：回顾的时候发现我忘记下载USS Ballard的战争日记和战斗报告了。。。。。。
https://www.fold3.com/browse/251/hsEUS91ace3dO_-SjiJfQZOgtd7m0vA5n
随便下了本书：Kurzman, Dan (1994). Left to Die: The Tragedy of the USS Juneau.
可以增色的原始资料：
USS Ballard的战争日记和战斗报告
第11轰炸机大队（11th bombardment group）的日常报告
USS Ballard的战争日记和战斗报告
第11轰炸机大队（11th bombardment group）的日常报告