大家好！这里是糖糖！这篇帖子的内容主要是关于哆啦A梦的人文背景，比如由于在日本，中国，美国，印度等放映国家的价值观所带来的舆论论调，和原本日本文化的冲突；以及哆啦A梦中对于科学的展望在日本国内带来的积极意义。
哆啦a梦，就像这个译名一样，承载着美好梦境和对于未来科技的无限展望。哆啦a梦的科技意义在日本的教育文化届都得到了广泛的应用，尽管如此，不同文化背景必然意味着冲突不可避免，那么来自其他文化背景的人就是怎么看待哆啦a梦的呢？
这是同一篇帖子的英文版，内容并不完全一样，因为中文版里我把之前写的在猫吧作为常识的一些内容去除了，又变成了语序蹩脚的中文...鉴于猫吧也有学术讨论，研究之用，就把高中生水平物理课作业的小论文发出来供大家启发探讨
还望得到各位大佬的指点！

A Japanese manga character, Doraemon, was made byFujiko F. Fujio in 1969, was made into animation in 1973. The maincharacter, Doraemon, is a robot cat, and is a well-known Japaneseanimated character. However, Doraemon is not only regarded as ananimation character but it is also used in educational and technologicalprograms in Japan.This paper focuses on the background of Doraemon, educationaland technological perspectives on Doraemon, and comparison of theoriginal Japanese animation and the US remade version, and theanimator Fujiko’s dreams and hopes for Doraemon will be examined.Since Doraemon has been exported as animation and manga tooverseas, perspectives toward Doraemon have changed. For example,changes of stories and characters can been seen in the presentDoraemon animation. Not only the overseas TV productions whichbroadcast Doraemon but also the Japanese production has to considerviolence, sexuality, etc. when editing episodes. Because ofrepresentation of cultural differences, Japanese animation is thought tocontain more violence, discrimination, and sexuality in animation.With responses from overseas, the Japanese production was cautiousabout the US remade version. They cared about the US BroadcastStandard, and tried to consider US customs and culture in the USremade version. Seeing the difference, acculturation is necessary forexports of animation overseas. Moreover, observing different aspectsof Doraemon domestically, Doraemon provides dreams and hopes tochildren.

I. INTRODUCTION
Doraemon, a Japanese manga created by Fujiko F. Fujioin 1969, provides children not only educational andtechnological knowledge but also dreams and hopes in Japan.
The original Doraemon manga was published in six magazinessimultaneously in 1969, and in the total of 1344 stories in 45volumes were created.
It won the first Shogakukan MangaAward for children’s manga in 1982, and Osamu TezukaCulture Award in 1997 in Japan. Moreover, Doraemon wasselected as one of the 25 featured Asian hero by TIMES Asia inApril 2002 because of high television rating. Doraemon hasbeen the highest TV rated program for 18 years since 1996 inTaiwan. Therefore, The Taiwan Society of New York choseDoraemon as a culturally significant work of Japanese popculture in 2005. The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairschose Doraemon as the first anime cultural ambassador in 2009.

It is popular not only in Japan but also all over the world. Ithas been translated and published in Asian countries such asTaiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, Macao, China, Indonesia,Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Singapore, India,East Timor and Myanmar, in Latin American countries such asBrazil, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru,Paraguay, Honduras, and El Salvador, in European countriessuch as Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, Poland, Belarus, Russia,and the Middle Eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar,UAE, Oman, Israel, Turkey, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, andLebanon since 1981.
Doraemon has even reached the SouthPacific Islands such as Fuji. In the USA and Canada, digitalDoraemon manga has been disseminated through digitalmeans. As in any success story, criminal elements will try tomake exploit the Doraemon craze, and pirated Doraemoncomics appeared in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other locations. InVietnam, a pirated version sold ten million copies.

In animation version, it has been broadcasted in more thanthirty-five countries including East Asia, South Eastern Asia,South Asia, North America, Central & South America, Europe,the Middle East, and Africa. With its popularity, Doraemon iscommercialized globally. Doraemon is found on manystationary items, toys, and video games. He also appears notonly in Japanese textbooks, but also study guides textbooks,and even questionnaires of university entrance examinations.

Moreover, Doraemon is regarded as educational andtechnological programs in Japan. He has a fourth-dimensionalpocket from which he can take out of his gadgets such as“Anywhere Door,” “Hopter,” and “Translation Gummy,” etc.which make the story more adventurous, scientific, anddreamy. According to Fujiko, the concept of Doraemon is toTsukamoto, MihoEducational and Technological Perspectives inDoraemon - Hope and Dreams in Doraemon’sGadgets provide dreams and hopes to children. Moreover,Doraemon encourages the human character Nobita, who cannotdo anything by himself, and Doraemon protect Nobita when heis in trouble.

II. EDUCATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES INDORAEMON


Although Doraemon is a comic and animation character, heis frequently used in educational and technological fields inJapan. In this section, we see how much Doraemon is dedicatedin these fields.
Here we see Doraemon’s creative gadgets.


A. Doraemon’s Impact on Japanese Educational System
However, in Japan, Doraemon, introduces study as a textbook guide in the elementary school textbooks. He is also frequently used in the entrance examinations for universities. In 2002 National Center Test for University Admission,Doramon gadgets were questions in physics. Musashino ArtUniversity asked to redesign Doraemon by using geometricconfiguration for the entrance examination in 2006. ChibaUniversity, Japan, also asked examinees to choose one ofDoraemon’s gadgets, and write an essay on whether it isfeasible or not for the entrance examination. Accordingly, it iscommon to see Doraemon in educational fields in Japan.

1. Integrating Doraemon into Technology
Now we see Doraemon’s gadgets which attract many people.Doraemon helps develop technical fields in Japan. On August 8,2014, the first 3D CG film of Doraemon, “Stand by MeDoraemon” has been released. Along with the 3D movies’release, a confectionary company, Glico, which sells pocky,pretz, caplico, colon, bisco, etc. makes 3D’s moving images ofDoraemon at the bottom of the package boxes. After coloringDoraemon’s design in the box, customers could download thespecial application onto their smartphone. When you choosethe menu screen; the colored Doraemon floats with its movingimages. Doraemon’s “Gulliver Tunnel” is attached to the colonpackage. “Anywhere Door” is attached to the caplico. “TimeMachine” is in Glico’s pretz’s package. “Hopter” is in Saladflavored pretz package. Glico made different images ofDoraemon, so fans could enjoy different Doraemon with hisgadgets.

Doraemon also explains Einsteins’ theory of relativism.


When Nobita went to Suneo’s house, he saw a science fictionmovie about an astronaut who returned from the space travelfor a year, but actually fifty years have passed. Nobita asks whythe pilot spent only a year instead of fifty years. Suneoanswered, “the closer the motion of an objects get to the speedof light, the slower the time passes. It is called relativism.” Inother words, time passes slower in the rocket.


Then Shizukaexplained relativism using Urashima’s story. “It is like an oldJapanese story about Urashima. When Taro returns fromRyugujyo for three days, he returns home, but it actually passedthree hundred years had passed. It is like a space travel. The onewho helps Taro is a tortoise-like alien (in the story, tortoise),and with a tortoise rocket (a tortoise) takes Taro to a wonderfulstar, Ryugujyo.” “Eight days in Ryugujyo” (RyugujyonoHachinichikan).

B. Realization and Acceptance of Doraemon’s Gadgets
Doraemon has many kinds of gadgets to help Nobita. He hasa pocket called “fourth-dimensional pocket” to produce gadgetsfrom the future. From his pocket, he can take out propergadgets.


Especially his neatest gadget is “Time Machine”which takes you a place you want to go in the past or in thefuture. His approximately 4,500 gadgets are popular amongchildren and adults. Doraemon’s gadgets are full of dreams andare mainly difficult to bring into the reality.


Interestingly, thereare some gadgets that have been created after comics:




1) “Phonetic Typewriter” (Kikigaki Typewriter),
The speaker’s words are typewritten on the screen.


2) “Prompt Travel Camera” (Instant Ryoko Kamera),
This instant camera has image composition, which shows aperson’s picture taken and allows it to be combined withdifferent scenery.


3) “XYZ Stereo-Roentgenography” (XYZ Lines Kamera),
With its perspective image, it is possible to see naked imageswith this stereo-Roentgenography. Now it is used foranti-terrorism policy.


4) “3D Copy Machine” (Rittai Kopiki),
The 3 Dimensional copy machine makes objects clear andrealistic.




5) “Dress up Camera” (Kisekae Kamera),
When you insert a picture of clothes you’d like to wear, youcan take a picture with that costume. (Mushi Production ComicVol. 3)




6) “Bamboo Helicoptor” (or “Hopter”: Take Copter),
It is a small bamboo propeller. There were actualexperiments to make “Hopter”, but they failed, because it wastoo heavy to use it. Actual developed version of “Hopter”(Bamboo Helicopter) is a flying machine attached to theshoulders. The mechanism of “Hopter” has gravitational fieldto protect the rider, and flies and moves wherever they want togo.







7) “Gravity Paint” (Jyuryoku Penki),
When you paint the whole walls and ceiling in a house withgravity paint, you can walk and sit any surface of the house.The reason of objects fall down is because there is gravity.Using this paint, gravity works down. Thus, Doraemon, Nobita,and others, go to his friend Abaraya’s house for Christmas party,but he has a big family, and has barely enough space to fiteverybody, so Doraemon uses “Gravity Paint” to enjoy theparty.




8) “Call Buzzer” (Yobituke Buza),
Nobita appreciates Doraemon who always cares about him,so he asked Doraemon to take a vacation. Doraemon went toIriomote Island with his girlfriend. When he left, he gaveNobita a “Call Buzzer” so that Doraemon could come backimmediately after the call. Knowing that Doraemon is not homeand Nobita has the buzzer, Jyaian and Suneo bully Nobita to useit. However, Nobita never used it. He did not even use thebuzzer when he was bullied by other boys in another town.Seeing Nobita with his strong will break the buzzer so as not touse it, Jyaian and Sueno help Nobita.
9) “Catholican” (Manbyoyaku),
Nobita asks Doraemon to revive Shizuka’s favorite dog, Bero. Although Doraemon makes Nobita’s request reality, hesays to Nobita what happens to the world if so many animalsnever die. Doraemon wants to teach natural providence eventhough people like to keep their favorite animals forever.



10) “Super-thin and super-light TV” (Cho Usugata KeiryoTerebi),
With “Super-thin and super-light TV,” on the wall with astring, a screen divides nine panels.




11) “Clone Medium” (Kuron Baiyoki),
To create a clone from hair, you can create a person thatlooks like you. People have to take care of a clone if you keep it.Nobita made Jyaian and Sueno clones take care of them, butNobita does not like to have them because they are rebellious.He switches off the button to keep clones. It was mistakenlydelivered from the future. In the actual clones, we cannot usebuttons to control them.




12) “Self Shogi” (Self Shogi)
There has been a software game named Shogi, a Japanesechess. With this “Self Shogi,” a robot actually uses a hand toplay Shogi, and has eye movement sensors. In 2014, Fuji XeroxCo., Ltd. and other companies have introduced “Self Shogi.”Actually, Doraemon’s 4,500 gadgets are very convenient, butare difficult to make. However the affiliation announced thatthey would try out to create real versions of Doraemon’sgadgets. Commonly, many Japanese creators were Doraemon’sfans who were brought up with Doraemon comics andanimation. They were fascinated with Doraemon’s gadgets intheir childhood and wanted to make the gadgets into real lifeapplications.

1. How Doraemon is Viewed in Taiwan


In Taiwan, an educational group in Gaoxion disputed thatNobita’s weakness induces Jyaian’s bullying. Jyaian, oneof Nobita’s friends, is depicted as a strong aggressive characterwhich controls others with his power. Jyaian’s philosophy is“Yours is mine. Mine is mine.” He is obsessive and aggressiveto other kids. It started from one of groups’ assertion, but laterJyaian’s bullying scenes were accused of promoting bullyingby NCC (National Communication Commission) in Taiwan.


NCC (National Communication Commission) seriouslyregarded bulling in Doraemon, and demanded that TVcompany to stop broadcast the scenes of bulling such asphysical and verbal violence. Since Doraemon is very popularand influential in the country, it is not good to broadcast thescenes where Jyaian bullies Nobita.


However, Jyaian’s character transforms gradually. Especiallyin the movies, Jyaian is a good guy who helps Nobita and hisfriends. In the movie, “Holiday to Doraemon!” (Doraemon niKyujitsuwo!), Nobita is bullied by other kids in another town.Then, Jyaian cares about Nobita. He comes up and tries toprotect Nobita from other bullying kids. Another character,Sneech bullies Nobita with Jyaian in the old animation, but healso changes a good guy to help Doraemon and Nobita at theend of the story. Without exception, Nobita who is lazy andweak, sometimes becomes courageous, and becomes strong toprotect his friends and Doraemon in the movies.

2. How Doraemon is Viewed in the USA
In the US version, some scenes such as Jyaian’s bullying over Nobita, and Sue’s taking a bath are omitted. Her scene of taking a bath is regarded as sexual. It is required to adhere to US broadcast on violence, discrimination and sexual content based on the US Broadcast Standard.

3. How Doraemon is Viewed in Bangladesh


Doraemon has been translated and broadcasted in more thanthirty-five countries. In Bangladesh, they broadcasted in Hindirather than the native language Bengali. The Bangladeshgovernment feared that children prefer speaking Hindi insteadof Bengali because Doraemon’s TV rating is seventy percent.They banned broadcast Doraemon, but they translated theDoraemon episodes into Bengali. Language interpretationis different from the circumstances in each country, so it neededadjustment in Bangladesh.

In the next section, the original Japanese version to the remade US version will be compared to find changes of two versions and Nobita’s description of character by the Japanese productions.


IV. COMPARISON OF THE ORIGINAL JAPANESE ANIMATION ANDTHE US REMADE VERSION


Doraemon’s popularity spread all over the world throughprint and video media. Many of the episodes were translated orsubtitled. The US version was the first remade version.Although Disney XD broadcast runs episodes, TV Asahi Fujiko,F. Fujio Production, and Shinei Animation still own thecopyrights. Actually, Ted Turner, a CNN producer, proposed alicensing agreement for 50 episodes of Doraemon’s broadcastright in 1985, but it did not materialize. Twenty-nine years laterin 2014, Doraemon had its initial episode broadcasted on theUS network. There were 26 episodes, with 5 times a weekbroadcast commencing on July 7, 2014. When theJapanese production company remade this series for theAmerican audience, they searched the different customs andcultures in the USA, and adjusted the character’s name, nameof places, food items, objects, and Doraemon’s gadgets. Thuswe can see the differences between the original JapaneseDoraemon and the US version.

Compared to the original Japanese version, the US remadeversion changes names of characters, places, objects, andDoraemon’s gadgets. It is changed by the Japanese productionsout of consideration of the US customs and culture.
They caremuch about cultural differences.
Some of the examples can beseen in the scenes such as shortening the time of the eatingDorayaki (Yummy Bun), promoting healthy dietary life tochange sweets to fruits, and the change of an unfamiliar riceomelet to pancakes.
However, the Japanese productions worry about Nobita’scharacter. Nobita is absolutely bad at study and sports, and donot make efforts in his daily life. He is lazy, but he is a kindgood-natured fellow. His dependence on Doraemon may not bewell accepted by the US viewers because the US people like toadmire self-reliant and assertive characteristics. It is true thathis weak personality of his “idleness and the weakness that herepresents is one true aspect of human nature,” and hischaracter has been widely accepted.


Although Nobita is a character easily found in Japanesesociety. The creator Fujiko said that “Nobita is a part of me.”Susumu Sakuragi, a writer of “Doraemon will be Really Bornin September 3, 2011” (2011 Nen 9 Gatsu 3 NichiniDoraemonwa Hontouni Tanjyosuru), says, “I did my bestwithout a setback and never gave up my failure to enteruniversity. Doraemon supported me.” Surely enough,Doraemon encourages Nobita who is lazy and helps to supportNobita to fight for what he needs.

V. CONCLUSION－DREAMS AND HOPES IN DORAEMON


Looking at Doraemon’s background of educational and technological perspectives, it is certain that Doraemon has been loved by people from all over the world.
Although the characters of Nobita and Jyaian were criticized for improper behavior in animation scenes by overseas viewers, they still like to watch Doraemon. Because the production tries to change or omit the scenes where viewers criticized, or in the case of Bangladesh, they change their preferred language, both creators and viewers adjust the way they would like to change. Even more, the Japanese production tries to improve the characters of Nobita and Jyaian.


By changing their characteristics from a weak to a courageous character for Nobita, and from an aggressive to a thoughtful character for Jyaian, they avoid criticism. Moreover, Doraemon is a character which always helps feasible persons in society and helps Nobita with his convenient machines. Doraemon not only fulfills children’s dream with his forth dimensional pocket, but he also helps Nobita who cannot handle daily life well. Nobita always uses Doraemon’s gadgets to overcome the many difficult situations, but he mostly failsbecause he does not know how to correctly use them, orsometimes misuses them.


Nobita draws a retort fromDoraemon’s gadgets because he abuses them often. ThusNobita learns real life lessons as not to misuse them and to bedependent on Doraemon and others, but personally analyze hiscurrent situation, decide on a course of action and then assessthe outcome of his action in order to change his life positively.


In other words, Doraemon is the story to give hopes and dreamsto children to instill positive change in themselves, the peopleand society around them and make the world itself as a betterplace.

With Doraemon’s gadgets, Doraemon becomes a magicianthat makes children’s wishes come true.


What is morewonderful about Doraemon is to create Doraemon’s gadgets inreal life. As a scientist Einstein says, “Imagination is moreimportant than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all wenow know and understand, while imagination embraces theentire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand”. As he said, with imagination, we can develop moreconvenient stuff with knowledge, and contribute futureinventions. Many technicians were encouraged to create theirown Doraemon’s gadgets and apply into the educational fields.It is true that knowledge helps people to develop technology,but without creativity, we cannot make inventions. We cancreate with hopes and dreams for the future.


To have dreamsand hopes in life, we need to “keep moving forward, openingnew doors, and doing new things, because we’re curious andcuriosity keeps leading us down new paths” as an animatorWalt Disney says. In this sense, Doraemon’s gadgets provideaudiences much curiosity, hope and dreams.


Fujiko alsosuggests “if you want to do something, you have to onlyenthusiastic to it. You do not think of any other things.Concentrate on it”. In fact, he had some hit animationssuch as “Obake no Qtaro” (Ghost Q-taro) and “Espa Mami”(Esper Mami), but he gave up creating them because ofDoraemon. Fujiko wants to interpret his wishes to Doraemon.His respecter, Tezuka Osamu, “God of Japanese Animation,”says that “we should draw drams in children’s manga. It is allprogressive in every sense”. Fujiko and Tezuka’s words toaudiences show future consciousness and realization of ourdreams.

Accordingly, as discussed in this paper, Doraemon is notonly popular in pop culture, but also into the educational andtechnological fields. Indeed, Doraemon has been changed withinfluences from overseas viewers, and acculturation isnecessary since their perspectives are varied. However, withenthusiasm, Fujiko created Doraemon, and with his greatimagination he has given hope and dreams to many childrenaround the world.

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